The theory of three humours:
The wind humour (vata) is responsible for all physiological activities of the body, the bile humour (pitta) for catabolic changes and the water humour (kapha) for anabolic processes. When they are in the state of equilibrium, they help the body gain in growth, strength complexion and cheerfulness but when they are out of balance, they vitiate the seven Dhatus – ras (the first dhatu), rakta (blood etc.)
As they vitiate other constituents of the body and thereby cause diseases, they are called doshas.
All the three humours permeate the entire body. Yet the wind humour is occupies the body below the navel, the bile humour occupies the part of the body between the navel of the heart, and the water humour occupies the part of the body above the heart predominantly.
The humors get increased and pacified naturally depending on age, season, part of the day or of the night and the food intake.
‘Kaph in childhood, pitta in youth and vata in old age is naturally on the rise.’
(Ashtanga Hridaya: 1.8)
If the day is divided in the three equal parts, kaph increases in the first part (6AM to 10AM), Pitta in the second part (10AM to 2PM) and Vata in the third part (2PM to 6PM). Similarly if the night is divided in three parts kaph increases in the first part (6PM to 10PM), pitta in the second part (10PM to 2AM), and vata in third part (2am to 6am).
Kapha increases immediately after taking food, pitta I during the digestion of food pitta during the process of digestion, and vata after the digestion process is over.
Kapha is aggravated in spring (phalgun-chaitra), pitta in winter (Bhadrapada- Ashwin) and vata in the rainy season (Ashadha-Shravana) due to the seasonal variation.
The digestive fire (digestion and appetite) becomes irregular when vata is aggravated.
This theory of the three humours is the foundation of Ayurvedic therapy. Its knowledge is essential for protecting health and eradicating diseases.
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